What are chromosome regions?
If the chromosome is a submetacentric chromosome (One arm big and the other arm small) then the centromere divides each chromosome into two regions: the smaller one, which is the p region, and the bigger one, the q region. The sister chromatids will be distributed to each daughter cell at the end of the cell division.
How are chromosomes formed?
DNA wraps around proteins called histones to form units known as nucleosomes. These units condense into a chromatin fibre, which condenses further to form a chromosome. Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes (chromosome number).
Where are chromosomes specifically located?
Chromosomes are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body. Humans have 46 chromosomes in their somatic (non-reproductive) cells. We inherit one set of 23 chromosomes from our mother and one set of 23 chromosomes from our father.
What is on each chromosome?
Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Passed from parents to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique. The term chromosome comes from the Greek words for color (chroma) and body (soma).
Where can DNA be found in what two organelles?
It is now known that small circular chromosomes, called extranuclear, or cytoplasmic , DNA, are located in two types of organelles found in the cytoplasm of the cell. These organelles are the mitochondria in animal and plant cells and the chloroplasts in plant cells.
How many chromosomes are in the nucleus?
In humans, the nucleus typically contains 46 chromosomes and they pair up during meiosis. Thus, there are 22 pairs of homologous non-sex chromosomes (or autosomes). The last one pair is the two sex chromosomes, (i.e. in females, the sex chromosomes are 2 X’s and in males, X and Y chromosomes).
What is a chromosome in a cell?
Chromosome Definition. A chromosome is a string of DNA wrapped around associated proteins that give the connected nucleic acid bases a structure. During interphase of the cell cycle, the chromosome exists in a loose structure, so proteins can be translated from the DNA and the DNA can be replicated.