Table of Contents
- 1 What is high cardiac index?
- 2 What is a bad cardiac index?
- 3 What does cardiac index represent?
- 4 What happens if cardiac output is too high?
- 5 What is the most reliable indicator of cardiac output?
- 6 What increases cardiac index?
- 7 What is the average ejection fraction for a healthy heart?
- 8 What is the lowest ejection fraction you can live with?
What is high cardiac index?
In terms of cardiac output, a high cardiac output state is defined as a resting cardiac output greater than 8 L/min or a cardiac index of greater than 4.0/min/m2 [1], and heart failure occurs when that cardiac output is insufficient to supply the demand.
What is a bad cardiac index?
The normal value for the cardiac index should be between 2.5 – 4.0 L/min/m^2. A value under 2.0 should raise suspicion for cardiogenic shock (characterized by <2.2 L/min/m2 with support or <1.8 L/min/m2 without support).[1][10][11]
What is the normal range for cardiac index?
Normal Hemodynamic Parameters
| Parameter | Equation | Normal Range |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiac Index (CI) | CO/BSA | 2.5 – 4.0 l/min/m2 |
| Stroke Volume (SV) | CO/HR x 1000 | 60 – 100 ml/beat |
| Stroke Volume Index (SVI) | CI/HR x 1000 | 33 – 47 ml/m2/beat |
| Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) | 80 x (MAP – RAP)/CO | 800 – 1200 dynes · sec/cm5 |
What does cardiac index represent?
Cardiac index: A cardiodynamic measure based on the cardiac output, which is the amount of blood the left ventricle ejects into the systemic circulation in one minute, measured in liters per minute (l/min).
What happens if cardiac output is too high?
High-output heart failure results in the same symptoms of heart failure, including fatigue and shortness of breath.
What causes high cardiac index?
There are a variety of conditions that can significantly increase the body’s need for blood and oxygen, resulting in high-output heart failure. These conditions include anemia, hyperthyroidism, and pregnancy.
What is the most reliable indicator of cardiac output?
The dye dilution method is one of the most accurate methods of determining cardiac output during exercise. The error of a single calculation of cardiac output values at rest and during exercise is less than 5%.
What increases cardiac index?
Your heart can also increase its stroke volume by pumping more forcefully or increasing the amount of blood that fills the left ventricle before it pumps. Generally speaking, your heart beats both faster and stronger to increase cardiac output during exercise.
What causes a high cardiac index?
An elevated cardiac output with clinical heart failure is associated with several diseases including chronic anaemia, systemic arterio-venous fistulae, sepsis, hypercapnia and hyperthyroidism.
What is the average ejection fraction for a healthy heart?
A normal ejection fraction is about 50% to 75%, according to the American Heart Association. A borderline ejection fraction can range between 41% and 50%.
What is the lowest ejection fraction you can live with?
If you have an EF of less than 35%, you have a greater risk of life-threatening irregular heartbeats that can cause sudden cardiac arrest/death. If your EF is below 35%, your doctor may talk to you about treatment with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).